SERBIAN VASSALAGE AND COOPERATION WITH TURKS

SERBIAN VASSALAGE AND COOPERATION WITH TURKS
(Vasaliteti dhe Bashkepunimi i Serbeve me Turqit!)

Riferimet jane marre nga libra dhe autore te ndryshem:



-King Milutin in 1305 employees Turks against Byzantium (Oikonomides ‘Turks in Europe’ 159-62)
Shqip: Mbreti serb Milutin me 1305 punesoi Turqit kunder perandorise Bizantine (autori: Oikonomides, libri: ‘Turks in Europe’, faqet: 159-62)

- Marko Krajlevic and Konstantin Dejanovic take part on the Turkish side in Kosovo battle in 1389 (Decei ‘Istoria Imperiului’ 54- Vladimir Corovic ‘Boj na Kosovu’ 191)
Shqip: Marko Krajlevic dhe Konstantin Dejanovic luftuan perkrah Turqeve ne Luften e Kosoves me 1389 (Decei ‘Istoria Imperiului’ 54- Vladimir Corovic ‘Boj na Kosovu’ 191).


- Nov 10, 1444,Djurdadj Brankovic,contributed to disastrous defit of Balkan Christian alliance by informin sultan Murad and barring the road by which Scanderbeg had intended to traverse Serbia to join Christian forces at Varna (Cambridge Medieval History 4, 572-73.) Djurdadj Brankovic , does the same 4 years later against the hungarian Hunyadi (M. Kostic ‘Opis Vojske’ 90)


Shqip: Me 10 Nendor 1444, Djurdadj Brankovic kontribuoi ne humbjen e temerrshme te Aleances Kristiane, duke informuar Sulltanin Turk Murad, dhe duke bllokuar rrugen neper te cilen Skenderbeu do kalonte neper Serbi per tu bashkuar forcave kristiane ne Vrana (Cambridge Medieval History 4, 572-73.) Djurdadj Brankovic beri te njejten gje 4 vjet me vone kunder Hynyadit hungarez (M. Kostic ‘Opis Vojske’ 90).



- Milica accepts Turkish vassalage to get help against Hungarian King Sigismund in 1390 with the blessing of the Orthodox Church.(N. Pavlovic ‘Despot Stefan’ 47-8 ).
Shqip: Milica pranoi te behej vasal i turqeve per te patur ndihmen e tyre kunder Mbretit Hungarez Sigismund ne 1390, me bekimin e Kishes Orthodokse .(N. Pavlovic ‘Despot Stefan’ 47-8 ).

-Olivera marries sultan Bayezit in a formal and honorific wedding (Gibbons “Foundations’ 183).
shqip: Olivera u martua me sulltanin turk Bayezit ne nje ceremoni formale (Gibbons “Foundations’ 183).

- Stefan Lazarevic joins Turkish army in 1393 against prince of Wallachia (N. Malcolm ‘Kosovo a short history’ 82)
shqip: Stefan Lazarevic u bashkua me Ushtrine Turke me1393 kunder princit te Wallachia (N. Malcolm ‘Kosova nje histori e shkurter’ 82)

- Sept 25, 1396, Stefan Lazarevic a crucial factor at Turkish victory in Nicopolis, over an Europian alliance (Cambridge Medieval History 4, 561) he could have chosen to sit aside and claim neutrality, like the Bulgarians, but he hated Hungarians and chose fidelity to his Muslim overloard (Tuchman ‘A distant mirror’ 560).
shqip: 25 Shtator 1396, Stefan Lazarevic nje faktor i rendesishem i fitores se Turqeve ne Nicopolis kunder Aleances Europjane (Cambridge Medieval History 4, 561), mund te zgjidhte neutralitetin siç bene Bullgaret, por meqenese urrente hungarezet zgjodhi te ishte besnik ndaj feudaleve te tij musluman mireberes.(Tuchman ‘A distant mirror’ 560).

- Oct 17, 1448 Turkish clash with Christian armies in Kosovo again… Serbs didn’t participate, instead they lurked in the mountain passess.. ready to fall upon and plunder the christian fugitives (Ibid. 573)

shqip: 17 Tetor 1448 Turqit peplasen serisht me trupat kristiane ne Kosove. Serbet nuk moren pjese, dhe ne fakt u fshehen ne male nga ku vrisni dhe plaçkisnin te larguarit kristian nga lufta. (Tuchman ‘A distant mirror’ 573).

-1455, Christain spahis from Vuk Brankovic’s vilayet and martologues join the Turkish army (Inalcik ‘Od Stefana Dusana’) On Serb vassalage see historian Leopold Ranke ‘History of Servia’ page 84.

shqip: 1455 Spahite kristian te vilajetit te Vuk Brankovic dhe martolget u bashkua me ushtrine turke (Inalcik ‘Od Stefana Dusana’). Ne lidhje me vasalitetin serb shifni historianin Leopold Ranke ‘History of Servia’ faqe 84.


Shumë nga udhëheqësit kryesor te Perandorise otomane ishin te martuar apo ishin djemtë e shkijve te Serbise, dhe fanarjoteve "greke" te njohur ndryshe me emrin romanoi , armiqe te perbetuar e shumë shekullor te gjithë shqiptareve pa dallim feje!



Sulltan Murati I (1359 deri me 1389), qe filloi pushtimet ne trojet shqiptare, ishte i biri i sulltan Orhanit I dhe Princeshes Theodora (greke), te Perandorise Bizantine, e bija e Xhon VI Kantakouzenos perandor Bizantin, dhe mbese e perandorit Bullgar Ivan Asen III... i martuar nder te tjera me Maria Thamara Hatun e bija e pernadorit Bullgar Ivan Aleksander, dhe mbese e pricit Vllah Basarab I.

Sulltan Bayezidi (1389 to 1402) qe vazhdoi pushtimet ne trojet shqiptare dhe ne Ballkan, i biri i sulltan Muratit I dhe i Gulcicek Hatun greke ortodokse, i martuar nder te tjera me Olivera Despinen, te bijen e Car Llazarit te Serbise. Ky matuf i poshter, e njohu Stefan Llazareviqin si trashegimtar te Llazarit, dhe ia njohu te drejten e nje autonomie te gjere edhe mbi tokat shqiptare.

Sulltani ne vazhdim, Sulltan Mehmeti I (1413–1421) i biri i Sulltan Bayezidit, vazhdoi pushtimin brutal te tokave shqiptare (nje pjese te Shqiperise se sotme), por vazhdoi aleancat trandicionale me Princerit Serb dhe Perandorin Bizantin.


Sulltan Murati II (1421–44, dhe 1446–51), qe rrethoi Krujen me 1450, dhe persoi disfate nga Gjergj Kastrioti, ishte i martuar me Mara Brankoviqin te bijen e Despotit serb, Xhorxhe Brankovicit, te ciles iu dhane autorizime mbi udheheqjen e territorit te Kosoves.

Pas ardhjes ne pushtet te Sulltan Mehmetit II (1444–46, dhe 1451–81, i njohur ne histori si Mehmet Pushtuesi), i biri i Muratit II dhe Huma Hatun, greke ortodokse, e beri Mara Brankoviqin keshilltare te tij, dhe ia ruajti kompetencat mbi Kishen Ortodokse te Bizantit ku ajo bente zgjedhjen e popave dhe klerikeve tjere(ajo zgjidhte kryesisht serb ne keto funksione). Gjate e luftimeve mes otomaneve ne marshin e tyre per te bashkuar Konstatinopolin me Romen, kur Gjergj Kastrioti, ishte i vetmi qe kishte arritur te mposhte hordhite barbare te Mehmetit II, Mara Brankoviqi ishte agjente e autorizuar nga vete Mehmeti, per te mbajtur lidhje diplomatike mes Vatikanit dhe oborrit te peradorise Otomane.

SERBIAN ORTHODOX VS. ALBANIAN CATHOLICS UNDER OTTOMAN EMPIRE



Second half of XVI century rebuilding of churches and monasteries in the area of Patriarch of Pec (Zirojevic ‘Crkve’ 27-31- Triton ‘Caliphs’ 37-60)

1557,Serbian Orthodox Church was in fact enjoying a particularly favored position at this time (N.Malcolm ‘Kosovo a short history’ 109)

1571, Catholics in Kosovo suffered harsh treatment (Giannelli ‘Documenti inediti’ 101-2)

Catholic church was poor and was frequently under pressure not only from the Ottomans but also from the Orthodox Church, which tried to force catholics to pay it ecclesiastical dues. Patriarch Makarije had obtained an imperial firman (decree) that all Christian in his territory must pay their church taxes to him (Lamansky ‘Secret d’etat’ Appendix 064)

Serbian Monks of Pec were all related to beys and sancakbeyis (Hadrovics ‘L’eglise serbe’ 50)

Catholic priests complained that they were more oppressed by Orthodox serbs than Muslims (Cordignano ‘Geografica ecclesiastica’ 233)

1791 Archbishop Mazarek reports he was taunted by proud Orthodox serbs and schismatic people in Prizren, who asked if he arrived accompained by an honorary Janissary Guard, as their Patriarch did (ASCPF SOCG 895, fo 71r)

June 15, 1910, sultan Mehmet V was welcomed by Serbian Orthodox Seminary, serenading him with Turkish songs, vice-consul Rakic gathered a large contingent of serbs, while Albanians boycotted the event (Rakic ‘Konzulska pisma’ 245-50)



SERBIAN ANTI-ALBANIAN POLICY, AND ETHNIC CLEANSING



Serbian Prince Milos had taken special trouble to expel Albanians from his territory (Pavlovitch ‘Society in Serbia’ 144)

Serbian state policy to create an ethnically clean territory expelling Albanians from Vranje (Hadzi-Vasiljevic ‘Arbanska liga’ 12-13)

1910, Isa Boletini and Idriz Seferi tried to halt westward advance of Ottoman troops, but they were outflanked by the army (which had been given the assistance of local Serbs and school teachers to guide them through mountains (N.Malcolm ‘Kosovo a short history’ 241)

Serbian policy was directed quite actively against the Albanians, to the point of giving direct support to the Young Turk regime (N.Malcolm ‘Kosovo a short history’ 243)

1910, Orthodox Metropol of Skopje signed a decree for the suppression of this alien script, joining Young Turks campaign against use of Albanian latin alphabet (N.Malcolm ‘Kosovo a short history’ 243)

PM Pasic told Times in Nov 1913: It’s essential that Serbia should possess about 50KM from Lissus to Durrazzo (N.Malcolm ‘Kosovo a short history’ 255)



OTHER ISSUES


British politician Aubrey Herbert wrote: Like Samson in the temple of Gaza, the Albanians pulled down the columns of Ottoman Empire upon their own head. It was Albanians, not Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians who defeated the Ottoman Empire (Swire ‘Albania’ 124-5)

They gave the right of their schools to Serbs but the ottomans continued to deny it to Albanians (Spuler ‘ Minderheitenschulen’ 51,59)

XV-XVI centuries. There were many cases of peasants migrating from unconquered regions to settle in Ottoman territory. Ottomans taken more care of peasants than its Serbian predecessors (N.Malcolm ‘Kosovo a short history’ 101)

Albanian guardians of church buildings and monasteries Pec, Decani, Devic (Zirojevic ‘Crkve’ 36)



SERBIAN ATROCITIES AGAINST ALBANIAN CIVILIANS



1913 Durham ‘Frontiers’ 643

Trotsky ‘Balkan Wars’ 120, 286

Leo Freundlich ‘Albania’s Golgotha’


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